Aremu M.O., Olowonyo I.A. , Lateef A. & Salam K.K.
Vol 4, Issue 1, Article number: 17 (Feb, 2022)
https://doi.org/10.48187/stnanomat.2022.4.003
Highlight
· Nano-based materials are being used as adsorbents since 2015.
· Nano-modified adsorbents are effective in wastewater treatment.
· Nanoparticles possess anti-microbial and adsorptive activities.
· Nanoparticles are capable of bridging the gap between synthetic and commercial adsorbents.
Graphical Abstract
Abstract
Water pollution and freshwater contaminations is one of the global problems that directly affect lives of organism which directly rely on water for their livelihood (man, organisms, plants). To alleviate these challenges, various treatment methods such as membrane filtration, ion exchange, coagulation as well as adsorption have been adopted to reduce wastewater generated and improve qualities of effluent discharged from industries to meet specified minimum permissible limits. Among all, Adsorption is considered to be more efficient in terms of cost, ease of handling and re-use for water treatment. Furthermore, adsorption technology exhibits excellent removal efficiency using adsorbent prepared from raw or waste materials or nanoparticles synthesized from wastes. Nano-materials exhibit outstanding properties such as small particle size, catalytic potential, large surface area and great number of active sites, hence allowing high removal efficiency. The nano-material in this context referred to as “new generation nano-adsorbent” is capable of removing pollutants even at low concentration. Numerous pathways of synthesizing nanoparticles fall under two approaches namely: bottom-up and top-down approach. Different materials have been adopted for bulk and nano based adsorbent with their efficiency varying for different waste water sources, nature of the adsorbents, adsorbent dosage and experimental conditions. This investigation will review advancement of waste water treatment using waste and nano-based materials as an adsorbent from 2015 till 2021.